Dog Pregnancy and Signs of Labour in Dogs

We can’t think of anything more exciting than finding out your dog is expecting! As dog pregnancy only last for around 2 months, you can look forward to bundles of fur filling your home very soon!

When your dog is pregnant, you may find yourself wondering “how do dogs give birth?”. You don’t have to panic as her due date approaches - dog labours are usually much less dramatic than ours, and she should be able to bring her puppies into the world without any worries. Mom should be more than capable, but keep her company during labour in case she runs into any complications.

Speak to your vet if you have any concerns about pregnancy in dogs or about your dog giving birth. Their advice should help to put your mind at rest. Here are some helpful tips from our PetCare Team to help you be as prepared as possible for when your pet becomes a new mom.

Preparing for the birth

Build a nest

Mom will want a private place in your home where she can relax and give birth to her puppies in peace, so build a ‘nest’ for her in the last two weeks of your dog’s pregnancy.

An ideal nest for dogs giving birth is a large cardboard box lined with puppy pads (in case of accidents), and filled with clean blankets, sheets or towels. Make sure the box is big enough for both mom and her litter to fit comfortably inside, and allow mom room for her own space if she wants it. You’ll also have to make sure the box is tall enough to stop any adventurous puppies escaping!

Place the nest in a quiet spot at room temperature, where she won’t be disturbed and can stay cosy. Adding her own bedding or toys to the nest (as long as they are clean) can encourage her to use it, and will make her feel at home before the birth.

Have help on hand

Your dog’s labour should go smoothly, but it’s useful to have help on hand to keep her calm and in case she runs into any complications.

Get hold of your vet's out-of-hours phone number prior to your dog giving birth, as delivery often happens during the night. Let your vet know your dog’s due date (if they don’t know already), so they know when to be on stand-by. If mom does have problems delivering her puppies you may need to take her into the vet, so make sure that you have access to transport.

In case mom does need a helping hand, have nail scissors and several clean, dry towels nearby during the birth. If her litter is a large one, you may also need an extra basket to ensure you have plenty of room for the new born puppies!

If you do move the puppies away from mom, you’ll need to help them to stay warm. We recommend using a microwaveable beanie bag instead of a hot water bottle, as their sharp teeth and claws can cause punctures.

Know what signs to look out for

One of the first signs of impending labour is a drop in mom's body temperature from 38.5°C to 37°C – labour usually begins around 12-24 hours after that.

To know when this happens, take your dog’s temperature twice a day with a rectal thermometer throughout her final week of pregnancy. If you’re unsure how, ask your vet to show you. If you find that taking her temperature is causing your dog stress, then stop. You need to help her to stay as calm as possible at this time.

During the final week of dog pregnancy, moms-to-be may be a little restless and seclude themselves in a quiet area. A loss of appetite and scrabbling in her bedding is common in the 12-24 hours before she goes into labour.

Very occasionally, your dog may move the nest that you made for her to another area of the house. If this happens, try not to move it from her preferred location if possible.

The stages of labour and delivery

In general, dog births are normally straightforward and don’t often involve complications. Although you should interfere as little as possible, it’s still important to be with your dog giving birth so that you can support her and step in if there are any problems. Labour normally lasts 3-12 hours, and happens in three stages.

Helping during delivery

Hopefully you shouldn’t have to intervene during your dog’s labour, but occasionally mom may need a bit of help. There are a handful of scenarios where you might need to step in.

• One pup might need help whilst mom is in the middle of delivering another. In this case, clear the sac that the puppy is in, and quickly dry them against the grain of their fur with a clean cloth. This rubbing motion will also encourage the pup to take their first breath.
• If mom hasn’t cleaned a puppy, they may have fluid in their airways. Pop your clean little finger inside their mouth to scoop anything out and wipe their nose. Rub them with a towel to encourage them to cry, as this will clear any fluid that they may have swallowed.
• If mom is preoccupied delivering another puppy, you may have to help her cut the umbilical cord of an earlier born puppy. To do this, tie a knot using heavy thread approximately one inch from where the cord attaches to the pup’s body. Tie another knot a little further from the first, and use clean scissors to cut the cord between the two knots. Cutting too close to the pup’s body can risk its health, and leaving it too long could lead to it being chewed or swallowed by mom.

See our page on Things to look out for during labour for more information on the stages of labour and possible complications.

After the birth

When you are sure that labour has finished, and that everyone is healthy and happy, get mom something to eat and drink. Give her the normal puppy food she has had throughout pregnancy, as she’ll need something she’s used to that’s gentle on her stomach.